Firstly, soiling can have a substantial impact on solar panel performance. Dirt, dust, grime, and even bird droppings may accumulate on the surface over time. This build-up creates a barrier between the sun and the photovoltaic cells, resulting in reduced energy absorption.

Secondly, shade plays a detrimental role in limiting solar panel efficiency. Overgrown trees or nearby structures casting shadows onto panels restrict sunlight exposure. Even partial shading can hinder optimal performance by disrupting the flow of electricity through interconnected cells.

Thirdly, pests such as pigeons can cause significant damage to solar panels. Their nesting activities often leave behind debris and droppings that not only obstruct sunlight but also create potential electrical hazards if they come into contact with important components.